We can trace, through the artistic worlds created by the writers between 1950 and 1989, the way in which critics perceived Children`s and Young Adult science fiction - from the instrumental of ideological education of the younger generation to a tool provoking the reader’s imagination to think about the present, its real problems and perspectives which would have an effect on the future. On the one hand, the construction of a literary-historical background of the period is important. It traces the ways in which the new system channels the cognitive and educational function of science fiction; the ideological problems of the time, modeled by the political, social transformations. On the other hand, it creates conditions of a different ideological environment which creates not just alternativeness, but freedom for a critical interpretation of contemporary world.